Daniels and William Bright (1996), The World's Writing Systems, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, p 351. Paul Cubberly, “The Slavic Alphabets”, s 27 in Peter T.Letter ъ was not removed by the reform but its usage was reduced. Thus, all words ending in a consonant had to end in either ь or ъ. Letter ъ, apart from its modern usage, was also used after consonants in the final position and had no phonetic value.Officially, this letter was not removed from the alphabet (the document describing the reform didn't mention it) but its usage was discontinued nevertheless. Letter ѵ had the same reading as и and was replaced with и.Letter ѳ had the same reading as ф and was replaced with ф.Letter ѣ had the same reading as е and was replaced with е.Letter і had the same reading as и and was replaced with и.Letters ё and й were officially not part of the Russian alphabet but were used.
British Standard: ы = ui was used by the British Museum.Library of Congress, British Standard: ъ = ″ at the end of a word is dropped.Romanization: in running text, diacritics, primes, and tie bars are often dropped.In particular, on Wikipedia ё should be used. However, the common trend in the last years is to increase the usage of ё. The letter ё is usually written as е except in dictionaries, language textbooks, readers, and in hand-written texts.Table of letters Letters of the Russian alphabet, and their transliteration However, bibliographical references in the notes preserve the Library of Congress transliteration to aid those readers who wish to consult the published sources cited. -Orlando Figes (2007), The Whisperers: Private Life in Stalin's Russia, Metropolitan Books, p xiii For the sake of clarity I have also dropped the Russian soft sign from all personal and place names (so that Iaroslavl’ becomes Iaroslavl and Noril’sk becomes Norilsk). In other cases I have chosen simple and familiar spellings that help the reader to identify with Russian names that feature prominently in the text (for example, Julia instead of Iulia and Lydia instead of Lidiia). To aid pronunciation I have opted for Pyotr instead of Petr, Semyon instead of Semen, Andreyev instead of Andreev, Yevgeniia instead of Evgeniia, and so on. To accommodate common English spellings of well-known Russian names I have changed the Russian ‘ii’ ending to a ‘y’ in surnames (for example, Trotskii becomes Trotsky) but not in all first names (for example, Georgii) or place names. Russian names are spelled in this book according to the standard (Library of Congress) system of transliteration, but some Russian spellings are slightly altered. It is usually relaxed or modified for the sake of natural reading in running text, especially for proper names. Romanization often strictly follows such a standard in linguistics, lexicography, cartography, and to a lesser degree in bibliographies. British Standard transliteration ( BS 2979) was used by Oxford publications (including the OED, in etymologies) and the British Library in the past, but has largely been superseded by LOC transliteration.Library of Congress ( LOC or ALA-LC) romanization is used in library catalogues and in general publications throughout the English-speaking world.the scientific or linguistic method, or the international system as part of the British Standard, below) is used in linguistics and Slavic studies. The table below includes the most common methods of transliteration used in language references and dictionaries. In English-language and other Roman-alphabet sources, Russian words are often romanized ( transliterated into the Latin alphabet).
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